Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

the after part of the ship

Толкование Перевод

1 the after part of the ship

Общая лексика: кормовая часть корабля

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the after part of the ship
2 after part of the ship

кормовая часть корабля имя существительное:
кормовая часть корабля (quarter, after part of the ship)

Англо-русский синонимический словарь > after part of the ship
3 after part of the ship

кормовая часть корабля

Новый англо-русский словарь > after part of the ship
4 after

after [ˊɑ:ftə]

1. prep

1) указывает на местонахождение позади данного предмета или движение вдогонку за, позади́;

my name comes after yours моя́ фами́лия стои́т за ва́шей
;

she entered after her sister она́ вошла́ вслед за свое́й сестро́й

2) указывает на последовательную смену явлений или промежуток времени, после которого произошло или произойдёт действие по́сле, за, че́рез, спустя́;

day after day день за днём
;

she will come after supper она́ придёт по́сле у́жина
;

they met after ten years они́ встре́тились че́рез де́сять лет
;

after his arrival по́сле его́ прие́зда

3) указывает на сходство с чем-л. или подражание чему-л. по, с, согла́сно;

after the same pattern по тому́ же образцу́
;

an etching after Gainsborough гравю́ра с (карти́ны или рису́нка) Ге́йнсборо
;

after the latest fashion по после́дней мо́де
;

the boy takes after his father сын во всём похо́ж на отца́
;

each acted after his kind ка́ждый де́йствовал по-сво́ему

4) указывает на внимание, заботу о ком-л. о, за;

to look after smb. присма́тривать, забо́титься о ком-л.
;

to ask ( или to inquire) after smb. спра́шивать, справля́ться о ком-л.

5) выражает уступительность несмотря́ на;

after all my trouble he has learnt nothing несмотря́ на все мои́ стара́ния, он ничему́ не научи́лся

◊
after all в конце́ концо́в
;

after a fashion не о́чень хорошо́, нева́жно
;

what is he after? что ему́ ну́жно?; куда́ он гнёт?

2. cj по́сле того́ как;

soon after he arrived he began to work at the school по прие́зде он стал рабо́тать в шко́ле

3. adv

1) сза́ди, позади́

2) поздне́е; пото́м, зате́м; впосле́дствии;

soon after вско́ре по́сле э́того

4. a

1) за́дний;

the after part of the ship кормова́я часть корабля́

2) после́дующий;

in after years в бу́дущем

Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > after
5 after

after [ˊɑ:ftə]

1. prep

1) указывает на местонахождение позади данного предмета или движение вдогонку за, позади́;

my name comes after yours моя́ фами́лия стои́т за ва́шей
;

she entered after her sister она́ вошла́ вслед за свое́й сестро́й

2) указывает на последовательную смену явлений или промежуток времени, после которого произошло или произойдёт действие по́сле, за, че́рез, спустя́;

day after day день за днём
;

she will come after supper она́ придёт по́сле у́жина
;

they met after ten years они́ встре́тились че́рез де́сять лет
;

after his arrival по́сле его́ прие́зда

3) указывает на сходство с чем-л. или подражание чему-л. по, с, согла́сно;

after the same pattern по тому́ же образцу́
;

an etching after Gainsborough гравю́ра с (карти́ны или рису́нка) Ге́йнсборо
;

after the latest fashion по после́дней мо́де
;

the boy takes after his father сын во всём похо́ж на отца́
;

each acted after his kind ка́ждый де́йствовал по-сво́ему

4) указывает на внимание, заботу о ком-л. о, за;

to look after smb. присма́тривать, забо́титься о ком-л.
;

to ask ( или to inquire) after smb. спра́шивать, справля́ться о ком-л.

5) выражает уступительность несмотря́ на;

after all my trouble he has learnt nothing несмотря́ на все мои́ стара́ния, он ничему́ не научи́лся

◊
after all в конце́ концо́в
;

after a fashion не о́чень хорошо́, нева́жно
;

what is he after? что ему́ ну́жно?; куда́ он гнёт?

2. cj по́сле того́ как;

soon after he arrived he began to work at the school по прие́зде он стал рабо́тать в шко́ле

3. adv

1) сза́ди, позади́

2) поздне́е; пото́м, зате́м; впосле́дствии;

soon after вско́ре по́сле э́того

4. a

1) за́дний;

the after part of the ship кормова́я часть корабля́

2) после́дующий;

in after years в бу́дущем

Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > after
6 after

ˈɑ:ftə
1. предл.
1) за, позади (местонахождение, следование Run after him and catch him! ≈ Беги за ним и поймай! Syn: behind
2.
1)
2) за (следование по порядку расположения или по важности) one after another ≈ один за другим
3) после, за ( указывает на следование во времени) ;
через, спустя( указывает на промежуток времени) After two years' absence Richard returned to England. ≈ После двухлетнего отсутствия Ричард вернулся в Англию.
4) указывает на цель to go after gold ≈ отправиться за золотом
5) указывает на объект внимания, заботы и других действий to look after smb. ≈ смотреть за кем-л. My mother asked after you. ≈ Моя мама спрашивала, как Вы себя чувствуете. He shouted after me down the street. ≈ Он закричал мне вдогонку.
6) несмотря на( указывает на логическое противопоставление, чаще всего в сочетании after all;
амер. afterall) after all our advice ≈ несмотря на все наши советы
7) по, с, в соответствии с( образцом, моделью, модой, привычкой и т. п.) to build after the particular pattern ≈ строить по конкретному образцу after the latest fashion ≈ по последней моде Each acted after his kind. ≈ Каждый действовал по-своему.
8) (указывает на сходство с чем-л. или подражание чему-л.) He takes after his father. ≈ Он во всем похож на отца.
9) указывает на человека, в честь которого дали имя He was named after his grandpa. ≈ Его назвали в честь дедушки. ∙ after all ≈ в конце концов after a manner ≈ не очень хорошо, неважно what is he after? ≈ что ему нужно?;
куда он гнет? who is he after? ≈ кто ему нужен?
2. союз после того как
3. нареч.
1) позади, сзади Syn: behind
2) позднее, позже;
потом, затем;
впоследствии soon after ≈ вскоре после этого Syn: afterward, later, later on
4. прил.
1) задний, расположенный сзади the after part of the ship ≈ кормовая часть корабля Syn: back, hind, hinder, posterior
1.
1)
2) последующий, следующий in after years ≈ в будущем our own after experience ≈ наш собственный последующий опыт Syn: following, next, posterior
1.
2), subsequent
последующий;
позднейший;
- in * years в будущем;
- an * period of life последние годы жизни обыкн. (морское) задний, кормовой;
- the * part of the ship кормовая часть корабля;
- * hold задний трюм, кормовой трюм потом, затем;
позднее;
впоследствии;
- three years * спустя три года;
- the morning * на следующее уттро;
- you speak first, I shall speak * сначала говорите вы, а затем скажу я;
- I never saw him * я никогда его больше не видел;
- soon * вскоре после того;
- they lived happily ever * (фольклор) и жили они долго и счастливо до глубокой старости;
стали жить-поживать да добра наживать сзади, позади;
- to follow * идти следом во временном значении указывает на: последовательную смену явлений: после - * the revolution после революции;
- * Sunday comes Monday за воскресеньем следует понедельник;
- * dark с наступлением темноты промежуток времени, точку отсчета или обстоятельство, после которого что-л происходит: после;
через, спустя - * two years' absence после двухлетнего отсутствия;
- * a year через год, спустя год;
- it is * five теперь шестой час;
- * a while через некоторое время, немного погодя;
- * examining the patient the doctor wrote a prescription осмотрев больного, доктор выписал рецепт;
- the day * tomorrow послезавтра в пространственном значении указывает на: местонахождение позади кого-л, чего-л: за, позади - the school is just * the club школа находится сразу за клубом движение вслед за кем-л, чем-л.: за, вслед за - to walk * smb. идти за кем-л;
- the dogs ran * the fox собаки гнались за лисой;
- they threw stones * him они кидали камни ему вслед;
- shut the door * you закройте за собой дверь;
- * you! прошу вас! (уступая кому-л. дорогу, пропуская кого-л. вперед) указывает на следование по порядку или по важности: за - B comes * A Б идет за А;
- one * another один за другим;
- he reads page * page он читает страницу за страницей;
- day * day день за днем;
изо дня в день;
- time * time не раз, постоянно указывает на причину: после - * what has happened he won't go после того, что произошло, он не пойдет;
- * what you have said I shall be more careful после того, что вы сказали, я буду осторожнее указывает на цель или направление поисков: в погоне, разыскивая - I'm * a decent job я хочу устроится на хорошую работу;
- who is he *? кого он ищет?;
- she is * a husband она ищет себе мужа;
- what are they *? что им нужно? указывает на проявление заботы, внимания: о, относительно - to ask * smb. спрашивать о ком-л;
- he asked * your health он справлялся о вашем здоровье;
- who will look * the baby? кто будет присматривать за ребенком? - I can look * myself я сумею о себе позаботиться указывает на соответствие чему-л, подражание какому-л образцу, сходство с кем-л: согласно, по - he behaved * his nature его поведение соответствовало его характеру;
- this is * my own heart это мне по сердцу;
- * the same pattern по тому же образцу;
- a painting * Titian картина в подражание Тициану;
- she was dressed * the latest fashion она была одета по последней моде;
- he takes * his father он похож на отца указывает на человека, в честь которого кто-л назван: в честь, по имени - he was named * his uncle ему дали имя в честь его дяди (коммерческое) в соответствии, как указано;
- * sight по предъявлении;
- * a date от сего числа в сочетаниях;
- * all после, несмотря на;
в конце концов;
все же - * all my care the vase was broken несмотря на то, что я был очень осторожен, ваза разбилась;
- * all our advice you took that course несмотря на все наши советы, вы так поступили;
- * all, what does it matter? какое это имеет значение, в конце концов? - I was right * all! все же я был прав после того как;
- I reached the station * the train had left я приехал на вокзал после того, как поезд ушел( разговорное) время после полудня;
- this * сегодня днем

after prep выражает уступительность несмотря на;
after all my trouble he has learnt nothing несмотря на все мои старания, он ничему не научился;
after all в конце концов ~ задний;
the after part of the ship кормовая часть корабля ~ prep указывает на внимание, заботу ( о ком-л.) о, за;
to look (after smb.) смотреть (за кем-л.) ;
to ask (или toinquire) (after smb.) спрашивать, справляться( о ком-л.) ~ prep указывает на сходство (с чем-л.) или подражание (чему-л.) по, с, согласно;
after the same pattern по тому же образцу;
an etching after Gainsborough гравюра с (картины или рисунка) Гейнсборо ~ позднее;
потом, затем;
впоследствии;
soon after вскоре после этого ~ cj после того как;
soon after he arrived he began to work at school по приезде он стал работать в школе ~ последующий;
in after years в будущем ~ сзади, позади ~ prep указывает на местонахождение позади данного предмета или движение вдогонку за, позади;
my name comes after yours моя фамилия стоит за вашей;
she entered after her sister она вошла вслед за своей сестрой ~ prep указывает на последовательную смену явлений или промежуток времени, после которого произошло или произойдет действие после, за, через, спустя

~ a manner не очень хорошо, неважно;
what is he after? что ему нужно?;
куда он гнет?;
who is he after? кто ему нужен? manner: after a ~ как-нибудь

after prep выражает уступительность несмотря на;
after all my trouble he has learnt nothing несмотря на все мои старания, он ничему не научился;
after all в конце концов amount: to ~ to very little, not to ~ to much быть незначительным, не иметь большого значения;
what, after all, does it amount to? что, в конце концов, это означает?

after prep выражает уступительность несмотря на;
after all my trouble he has learnt nothing несмотря на все мои старания, он ничему не научился;
after all в конце концов

day ~ day день за днем;
she will come after supper она придет после ужина;
they met after ten years они встретились через десять лет;
after his arrival после его приезда

~ задний;
the after part of the ship кормовая часть корабля

~ the latest fashion по последней моде;
the boy takes after his father сын во всем похож на отца;
each acted after his kind каждый действовал по-своему

~ prep указывает на сходство (с чем-л.) или подражание (чему-л.) по, с, согласно;
after the same pattern по тому же образцу;
an etching after Gainsborough гравюра с (картины или рисунка) Гейнсборо

~ prep указывает на сходство (с чем-л.) или подражание (чему-л.) по, с, согласно;
after the same pattern по тому же образцу;
an etching after Gainsborough гравюра с (картины или рисунка) Гейнсборо

~ prep указывает на внимание, заботу (о ком-л.) о, за;
to look (after smb.) смотреть (за кем-л.) ;
to ask (или toinquire) (after smb.) спрашивать, справляться( о ком-л.) ask: ask запрашивать ~ назначать цену ~ осведомляться (about, after, for) ;
to ask after a person's health осведомиться о (чьем-л.) здоровье ~ приглашать( разг. тж. ask out) ~ приглашать ~ (за) просить;
to ask 250 pounds for a horse запросить 250 фунтов за лошадь ~ (по) просить;
to ask a favour( for help) просить об одолжении (о помощи) ~ просить ~ спрашивать, хотеть видеть( for) ;
a boy is asking for you тебя какой-то мальчик спрашивает ~ спрашивать;
to ask a question задавать вопрос ~ спрашивать ~ требовать;
it asks (for) attention это требует внимания;
ask me another! разг. не знаю, не спрашивай(те) меня! ~ требовать axe: ~ диал. см. ask

be dated ~ иметь более позднюю дату

~ the latest fashion по последней моде;
the boy takes after his father сын во всем похож на отца;
each acted after his kind каждый действовал по-своему

day ~ day день за днем;
she will come after supper она придет после ужина;
they met after ten years они встретились через десять лет;
after his arrival после его приезда

~ the latest fashion по последней моде;
the boy takes after his father сын во всем похож на отца;
each acted after his kind каждый действовал по-своему

~ последующий;
in after years в будущем

~ prep указывает на внимание, заботу (о ком-л.) о, за;
to look (after smb.) смотреть (за кем-л.) ;
to ask (или toinquire) (after smb.) спрашивать, справляться (о ком-л.) look: look взгляд;
to have (или to take) a look at посмотреть на;
ознакомиться с ~ взгляд ~ вид, наружность;
good looks красота;
миловидность ~ вид ~ выглядеть ~ выражать( взглядом, видом) ;
he looked his thanks весь его вид выражал благодарность ~ выражение (глаз, лица) ;
a vacant look отсутствующий взгляд ~ выходить на..., быть обращенным на...;
my room looks south моя комната выходит на юг ~ как глагол-связка в составном именном сказуемом выглядеть, казаться;
to look well (ill) выглядеть хорошо (плохо) ;
to look big принимать важный вид ~ наружность ~ вчт. поиск ~ проверять ~ вчт. просмотр ~ смотреть, глядеть;
осматривать;
перен. быть внимательным, следить;
to look ahead смотреть вперед (в будущее) ;
look ahead! берегись!;
осторожно! ~ вчт. смотреть ~ смотреть

look ~ заботиться look: ~ after присматривать за, заботиться о ~ after следить глазами, взглядом

~ prep указывает на местонахождение позади данного предмета или движение вдогонку за, позади;
my name comes after yours моя фамилия стоит за вашей;
she entered after her sister она вошла вслед за своей сестрой

rank ~ идти непосредственно за

~ prep указывает на местонахождение позади данного предмета или движение вдогонку за, позади;
my name comes after yours моя фамилия стоит за вашей;
she entered after her sister она вошла вслед за своей сестрой

day ~ day день за днем;
she will come after supper она придет после ужина;
they met after ten years они встретились через десять лет;
after his arrival после его приезда

~ позднее;
потом, затем;
впоследствии;
soon after вскоре после этого

~ cj после того как;
soon after he arrived he began to work at school по приезде он стал работать в школе

day ~ day день за днем;
she will come after supper она придет после ужина;
they met after ten years они встретились через десять лет;
after his arrival после его приезда

~ a manner не очень хорошо, неважно;
what is he after? что ему нужно?;
куда он гнет?;
who is he after? кто ему нужен?

~ a manner не очень хорошо, неважно;
what is he after? что ему нужно?;
куда он гнет?;
who is he after? кто ему нужен?

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > after
7 after

[ˈɑ:ftə]

after prep выражает уступительность несмотря на; after all my trouble he has learnt nothing несмотря на все мои старания, он ничему не научился; after all в конце концов after задний; the after part of the ship кормовая часть корабля after prep указывает на внимание, заботу (о ком-л.) о, за; to look (after smb.) смотреть (за кем-л.); to ask (или toinquire) (after smb.) спрашивать, справляться (о ком-л.) after prep указывает на сходство (с чем-л.) или подражание (чему-л.) по, с, согласно; after the same pattern по тому же образцу; an etching after Gainsborough гравюра с (картины или рисунка) Гейнсборо after позднее; потом, затем; впоследствии; soon after вскоре после этого after cj после того как; soon after he arrived he began to work at school по приезде он стал работать в школе after последующий; in after years в будущем after сзади, позади after prep указывает на местонахождение позади данного предмета или движение вдогонку за, позади; my name comes after yours моя фамилия стоит за вашей; she entered after her sister она вошла вслед за своей сестрой after prep указывает на последовательную смену явлений или промежуток времени, после которого произошло или произойдет действие после, за, через, спустя after a manner не очень хорошо, неважно; what is he after? что ему нужно?; куда он гнет?; who is he after? кто ему нужен? manner: after a after как-нибудь after prep выражает уступительность несмотря на; after all my trouble he has learnt nothing несмотря на все мои старания, он ничему не научился; after all в конце концов amount: to after to very little, not to after to much быть незначительным, не иметь большого значения; what, after all, does it amount to? что, в конце концов, это означает? after prep выражает уступительность несмотря на; after all my trouble he has learnt nothing несмотря на все мои старания, он ничему не научился; after all в конце концов day after day день за днем; she will come after supper она придет после ужина; they met after ten years они встретились через десять лет; after his arrival после его приезда after задний; the after part of the ship кормовая часть корабля after the latest fashion по последней моде; the boy takes after his father сын во всем похож на отца; each acted after his kind каждый действовал по-своему after prep указывает на сходство (с чем-л.) или подражание (чему-л.) по, с, согласно; after the same pattern по тому же образцу; an etching after Gainsborough гравюра с (картины или рисунка) Гейнсборо after prep указывает на сходство (с чем-л.) или подражание (чему-л.) по, с, согласно; after the same pattern по тому же образцу; an etching after Gainsborough гравюра с (картины или рисунка) Гейнсборо after prep указывает на внимание, заботу (о ком-л.) о, за; to look (after smb.) смотреть (за кем-л.); to ask (или toinquire) (after smb.) спрашивать, справляться (о ком-л.) ask: ask запрашивать after назначать цену after осведомляться (about, after, for); to ask after a person's health осведомиться о (чьем-л.) здоровье after приглашать (разг. тж. ask out) after приглашать after (за)просить; to ask 250 pounds for a horse запросить 250 фунтов за лошадь after (по)просить; to ask a favour (for help) просить об одолжении (о помощи) after просить after спрашивать, хотеть видеть (for); a boy is asking for you тебя какой-то мальчик спрашивает after спрашивать; to ask a question задавать вопрос after спрашивать after требовать; it asks (for) attention это требует внимания; ask me another! разг. не знаю, не спрашивай(те) меня! after требовать axe: after диал. см. ask be dated after иметь более позднюю дату after the latest fashion по последней моде; the boy takes after his father сын во всем похож на отца; each acted after his kind каждый действовал по-своему day after day день за днем; she will come after supper она придет после ужина; they met after ten years они встретились через десять лет; after his arrival после его приезда after the latest fashion по последней моде; the boy takes after his father сын во всем похож на отца; each acted after his kind каждый действовал по-своему after последующий; in after years в будущем after prep указывает на внимание, заботу (о ком-л.) о, за; to look (after smb.) смотреть (за кем-л.); to ask (или toinquire) (after smb.) спрашивать, справляться (о ком-л.) look: look взгляд; to have (или to take) a look at посмотреть на; ознакомиться с after взгляд after вид, наружность; good looks красота; миловидность after вид after выглядеть after выражать (взглядом, видом); he looked his thanks весь его вид выражал благодарность after выражение (глаз, лица); a vacant look отсутствующий взгляд after выходить на..., быть обращенным на...; my room looks south моя комната выходит на юг after как глагол-связка в составном именном сказуемом выглядеть, казаться; to look well (ill) выглядеть хорошо (плохо); to look big принимать важный вид after наружность after вчт. поиск after проверять after вчт. просмотр after смотреть, глядеть; осматривать; перен. быть внимательным, следить; to look ahead смотреть вперед (в будущее); look ahead! берегись!; осторожно! after вчт. смотреть after смотреть look after заботиться look: after after присматривать за, заботиться о after after следить глазами, взглядом after prep указывает на местонахождение позади данного предмета или движение вдогонку за, позади; my name comes after yours моя фамилия стоит за вашей; she entered after her sister она вошла вслед за своей сестрой rank after идти непосредственно за after prep указывает на местонахождение позади данного предмета или движение вдогонку за, позади; my name comes after yours моя фамилия стоит за вашей; she entered after her sister она вошла вслед за своей сестрой day after day день за днем; she will come after supper она придет после ужина; they met after ten years они встретились через десять лет; after his arrival после его приезда after позднее; потом, затем; впоследствии; soon after вскоре после этого after cj после того как; soon after he arrived he began to work at school по приезде он стал работать в школе day after day день за днем; she will come after supper она придет после ужина; they met after ten years они встретились через десять лет; after his arrival после его приезда after a manner не очень хорошо, неважно; what is he after? что ему нужно?; куда он гнет?; who is he after? кто ему нужен? after a manner не очень хорошо, неважно; what is he after? что ему нужно?; куда он гнет?; who is he after? кто ему нужен?

English-Russian short dictionary > after
8 after

I
1. [ʹɑ:ftə] a

1. последующий; позднейший

in after years /days/ - в будущем

an after period of life - последние годы жизни

2. обыкн. мор. задний, кормовой

the after part of the ship - кормовая часть корабля

after hold - задний трюм, кормовой трюм

2. [ʹɑ:ftə] adv

1. потом, затем; позднее; впоследствии

three years after - спустя /через/ три года

the morning after - на следующее утро

you speak first, I shall speak after - сначала говорите вы, а затем скажу я

I never saw him after - я никогда его больше не видел

soon after - вскоре после того

they lived happily ever after - фольк. ≅ и жили они долго и счастливо до глубокой старости; стали жить-поживать да добра наживать

2. сзади, позади

to follow after - идти следом

3. [ʹɑ:ftə] prep

1. во временном значении указывает на

1) последовательную смену явлений после

after the revolution - после революции

after Sunday comes Monday - за воскресеньем следует понедельник

after dark - с наступлением темноты

2) промежуток времени, точку отсчёта или обстоятельство, после которого что-л. происходит после; через, спустя

after two years' absence - после двухлетнего отсутствия

after a year - через год; спустя год

it is after five - теперь шестой час

after a while - через некоторое время, немного погодя

after examining the patient the doctor wrote a prescription - осмотрев больного, доктор выписал рецепт

the day after tomorrow - послезавтра

2. в пространственном значении указывает на

1) местонахождение позади кого-л., чего-л. за, позади

the school is just after the club - школа находится сразу за клубом

2) движение вслед за кем-л., чем-л. за, вслед за

to walk [to run] after smb. - идти [бежать] за кем-л.

the dogs ran after the fox - собаки гнались за лисой

they threw stones after him - они кидали камни ему вслед

shut the door after you - закройте за собой дверь

after you! - прошу вас! (уступая кому-л. дорогу, пропуская кого-л. вперёд)

3. указывает на следование по порядку или по важности за

B comes after A - Б идёт за А

one after another - один за другим

he reads page after page - он читает страницу за страницей

day after day - день за днём; изо дня в день

time after time - не раз, постоянно

4. указывает на причину после

after what has happened he won't go - после того, что произошло, он не пойдёт

after what you have said I shall be more careful - после того, что вы сказали, я буду осторожнее

5. указывает на цель или направление поисков в погоне, разыскивая

I'm after a decent job - я хочу устроиться на хорошую работу

who is he after? - кого он ищет /разыскивает/?

she is after a husband - она ищет себе мужа /охотится за женихами/

what are they after? - что им нужно?

6. указывает на проявление заботы, внимания о, относительно (обыкн. с глаголами to ask, to inquire)

to ask /to inquire/ after smb. - спрашивать о ком-л.

he asked after your health - он справлялся /спрашивал/ о вашем здоровье

who will look /see/ after the baby [the house]? - кто будет присматривать за ребёнком [за домом]?

I can look after myself - я (сам) сумею о себе позаботиться

7. указывает на соответствие чему-л., подражание какому-л. образцу, сходство с кем-л. согласно, по

he behaved after his nature - его поведение соответствовало его характеру

this is after my own heart - это мне по сердцу /по душе/

after the same pattern - по тому же образцу

a painting after Titian - картина в подражание Тициану /под Тициана/

she was dressed after the latest fashion - она была одета по последней моде

he takes after his father - он похож на отца

8. указывает на человека, в честь которого кто-л. назван в честь, по имени

he was named after his uncle - ему дали имя в честь его дяди

9. ком. в соответствии, как указано

after sight - по предъявлении ( векселя)

after a date - от сего числа ( надпись на векселях)

10. в сочетаниях:

after all - а) после, несмотря на; after all my care the vase was broken - несмотря на то, что я был очень осторожен, ваза разбилась; after all our advice you took that course - несмотря на все наши советы, вы так поступили; б) в конце концов; всё же; after all, what does it matter? - какое это имеет значение, в конце концов?; I was right after all! - всё же я был прав!

4. [ʹɑ:ftə] cj

после того как

I reached the station after the train had left - я приехал на вокзал после того, как поезд ушёл
II [ʹɑ:ftə] n (сокр. от afternoon) разг.
время после полудня

this after - сегодня днём

НБАРС > after
9 after

I
1. [ʹɑ:ftə] a

1. последующий; позднейший

in after years /days/ - в будущем

an after period of life - последние годы жизни

2. обыкн. мор. задний, кормовой

the after part of the ship - кормовая часть корабля

after hold - задний трюм, кормовой трюм

2. [ʹɑ:ftə] adv

1. потом, затем; позднее; впоследствии

three years after - спустя /через/ три года

the morning after - на следующее утро

you speak first, I shall speak after - сначала говорите вы, а затем скажу я

I never saw him after - я никогда его больше не видел

soon after - вскоре после того

they lived happily ever after - фольк. ≅ и жили они долго и счастливо до глубокой старости; стали жить-поживать да добра наживать

2. сзади, позади

to follow after - идти следом

3. [ʹɑ:ftə] prep

1. во временном значении указывает на

1) последовательную смену явлений после

after the revolution - после революции

after Sunday comes Monday - за воскресеньем следует понедельник

after dark - с наступлением темноты

2) промежуток времени, точку отсчёта или обстоятельство, после которого что-л. происходит после; через, спустя

after two years' absence - после двухлетнего отсутствия

after a year - через год; спустя год

it is after five - теперь шестой час

after a while - через некоторое время, немного погодя

after examining the patient the doctor wrote a prescription - осмотрев больного, доктор выписал рецепт

the day after tomorrow - послезавтра

2. в пространственном значении указывает на

1) местонахождение позади кого-л., чего-л. за, позади

the school is just after the club - школа находится сразу за клубом

2) движение вслед за кем-л., чем-л. за, вслед за

to walk [to run] after smb. - идти [бежать] за кем-л.

the dogs ran after the fox - собаки гнались за лисой

they threw stones after him - они кидали камни ему вслед

shut the door after you - закройте за собой дверь

after you! - прошу вас! (уступая кому-л. дорогу, пропуская кого-л. вперёд)

3. указывает на следование по порядку или по важности за

B comes after A - Б идёт за А

one after another - один за другим

he reads page after page - он читает страницу за страницей

day after day - день за днём; изо дня в день

time after time - не раз, постоянно

4. указывает на причину после

after what has happened he won't go - после того, что произошло, он не пойдёт

after what you have said I shall be more careful - после того, что вы сказали, я буду осторожнее

5. указывает на цель или направление поисков в погоне, разыскивая

I'm after a decent job - я хочу устроиться на хорошую работу

who is he after? - кого он ищет /разыскивает/?

she is after a husband - она ищет себе мужа /охотится за женихами/

what are they after? - что им нужно?

6. указывает на проявление заботы, внимания о, относительно (обыкн. с глаголами to ask, to inquire)

to ask /to inquire/ after smb. - спрашивать о ком-л.

he asked after your health - он справлялся /спрашивал/ о вашем здоровье

who will look /see/ after the baby [the house]? - кто будет присматривать за ребёнком [за домом]?

I can look after myself - я (сам) сумею о себе позаботиться

7. указывает на соответствие чему-л., подражание какому-л. образцу, сходство с кем-л. согласно, по

he behaved after his nature - его поведение соответствовало его характеру

this is after my own heart - это мне по сердцу /по душе/

after the same pattern - по тому же образцу

a painting after Titian - картина в подражание Тициану /под Тициана/

she was dressed after the latest fashion - она была одета по последней моде

he takes after his father - он похож на отца

8. указывает на человека, в честь которого кто-л. назван в честь, по имени

he was named after his uncle - ему дали имя в честь его дяди

9. ком. в соответствии, как указано

after sight - по предъявлении ( векселя)

after a date - от сего числа ( надпись на векселях)

10. в сочетаниях:

after all - а) после, несмотря на; after all my care the vase was broken - несмотря на то, что я был очень осторожен, ваза разбилась; after all our advice you took that course - несмотря на все наши советы, вы так поступили; б) в конце концов; всё же; after all, what does it matter? - какое это имеет значение, в конце концов?; I was right after all! - всё же я был прав!

4. [ʹɑ:ftə] cj

после того как

I reached the station after the train had left - я приехал на вокзал после того, как поезд ушёл
II [ʹɑ:ftə] n (сокр. от afternoon) разг.
время после полудня

this after - сегодня днём

НБАРС > after
10 after

1. a последующий; позднейший

in after years — в будущем

after hardening — последующее отверждение

2. a обыкн. мор. задний, кормовой

the after part of the ship — кормовая часть корабля

after hatch — кормовой люк

after hold — кормовой трюм

after foil — кормовое крыло

after mast — кормовая мачта

after hold — кормовой трюм

3. adv потом, затем; позднее; впоследствии

three years after — спустя три года

the morning after — на следующее утро

you speak first, I shall speak after — сначала говорите вы, а затем скажу я

I never saw him after — я никогда его больше не видел

and after that — и вслед за тем

dated after — иметь более позднюю дату

4. adv сзади, позади

to follow after — идти следом

5. prep (в пространственном значении) на, за

the school is just after the club — школа находится сразу за клубом

the dogs ran after the fox — собаки гнались за лисой

they threw stones after him — они кидали камни ему вслед

she went slightly funny after his loss — после его гибели она немного тронулась

6. prep о, относительно

he asked after your health — он справлялся о вашем здоровье

who will look after the baby ? — кто будет присматривать за ребёнком ?

I can look after myself — я сумею о себе позаботиться

he behaved after his nature — его поведение соответствовало его характеру

this is after my own heart — это мне по сердцу

after the same pattern — по тому же образцу

a painting after Titian — картина в подражание Тициану

she was dressed after the latest fashion — она была одета по последней моде

ever after — с тех пор

day after day — изо дня в день

year after year — год за годом

after a year — через год; спустя год

he was called after his uncle — его нарекли в честь дяди

7. prep ком. в соответствии, как указано

after sight — по предъявлении

after where — после того как

two days after — через два дня

not after — только после того как

after having — после того как; иметь

after image — преобразованный вид записи

8. cj после того как

I reached the station after the train had left — я приехал на вокзал после того, как поезд ушёл

after a long separation — после долгой разлуки

profit after tax — прибыль после уплаты налога

after sun application — применение после загара

to be taken after meals — принимать после еды

after many mishaps — после многочисленных неудач

9. n разг. время после полудня

this after — сегодня днём

after eating — после еды

just after — сразу после

only after — только после

right after — сразу после

soon after — вскоре после

Синонимический ряд:

1. behind (adj.) behind; beyond; following; in back of

2. posterior (adj.) back; hind; hinder; hindmost; posterior; postern; rear; retral

3. subsequent (adj.) ensuing; later; postliminary; subsequent; subsequential

4. behind (other) afterward; afterwards; afterwhile; behind; below; by and by; following; in back of; infra; later; later on; latterly; next; since; subsequent to; subsequently

5. for (other) for; in honour of

Антонимический ряд:

before; preceding

English-Russian base dictionary > after
11 after

['ɑːftə] 1. предл.
1) за (указывает на движение вслед за кем-л. / чем-л.)

Run after him and catch him! — Беги за ним и поймай!

Syn:

behind 2. 1)

2) за ( указывает на следование по порядку расположения или по важности)

one after another — один за другим

3) после, за ( указывает на следование во времени); через, спустя, после ( указывает на промежуток времени)

After two years' absence Richard returned to England. — После двухлетнего отсутствия Ричард вернулся в Англию.

4) в поисках, за ( указывает на цель поисков)

What is he after? — Что ему нужно? Куда он гнёт?

Who is he after? — Кто ему нужен?

to go after gold — отправиться за золотом

5) о, относительно (указывает на объект внимания, заботы и других действий)

to look after smb. — присматривать за кем-л.

My mother asked after you. — Моя мама спрашивала, как вы себя чувствуете.

He shouted after me down the street. — Он закричал мне вдогонку.

6) ( after all)

несмотря на (указывает на противопоставление, чаще всего в сочетании)

after all our advice — несмотря на все наши советы

7) по, согласно, в соответствии с (указывает на соответствие с образцом, моделью, модой)

to build after the particular pattern — строить по конкретному образцу

after the latest fashion — по последней моде

Each acted after his kind. — Каждый действовал по-своему.

8) по, на (указывает на сходство с чем-л., подражание чему-л.)

He takes after his father. — Он во всём похож на отца.

9) в честь (указывает на человека, в честь которого дали имя)

He was named after his grandpa. — Его назвали в честь дедушки.

••

after a manner — как-нибудь, не очень хорошо

- after all
2. союз
после того как
3. нареч.
1) позади, сзади

He followed on after. — Он продолжал идти сзади.

Syn:

behind

2) позднее, позже; потом, затем; впоследствии

soon after — вскоре после того

Syn:

afterward, later, later on
4. прил.
1) мор.; авиа задний; кормовой; хвостовой

the after part of the ship — кормовая часть корабля

after mast — кормовая мачта

after cabins — кормовые каюты

2) последующий, следующий

in after years — в будущем

our own after experience — наш собственный последующий опыт

Syn:

following, next, posterior 1. 2), subsequent

Англо-русский современный словарь > after
12 after

/'ɑ:ftə/ * phó từ - sau, đằng sau =three days after+ ba ngày sau =soon after+ ngay sau đó =to follow after+ theo sau * giới từ - sau, sau khi =after dinner+ sau bữa cơm - ở đằng sau, phía sau, đứng sau, liền sau =Summer comes after Srping+ mùa hạ đến liền sau mùa xuân - theo sau, theo đuổi (diễn tả ý tìm kiếm, sự mong muốn, sự trông nom săn sóc) =to be after something+ đuổi theo cái gì, tìm kiếm cái gì =to thirst after knowledge+ khao khát sự hiểu biết =to look after somebody+ trông nom săn sóc ai - phỏng theo, theo =a pictures after Rubens+ một bức tranh theo kiểu Ruben =after the Russian fashion+ theo mốt Nga - với, do, vì =after a cool reception+ với một sự tiếp đãi lạnh nhạt - mặc dù, bất chấp =after all the threats+ bất chấp tất cả những sự doạ nạt !after all - cuối cùng, sau hết, rốt cuộc, xét cho cùng !after one's heart - (xem) heart !after a manner (fashion) - tàm tạm, tạm được !after that - (xem) that !after you! - xin mời đi trước! !after you with - sau anh thì đến lượt tôi đấy nhé !day after day - (xem) day !the day after - ngày hôm sau !time after time - (xem) time * liên từ - sau khi =I went immediately after I had received the information+ sau khi nhận được tin tôi đi ngay * tính từ - sau này, sau đây, tiếp sau =in after years+ trong những năm sau này; trong tương lai - (hàng hải) ở đằng sau, ở phía sau =the after part of the ship+ phía sau tàu

English-Vietnamese dictionary > after
13 after

1. preposition

1) указывает на местонахождение позади данного предмета или движение вдогонку за, позади; my name comes after yours моя фамилия стоит за вашей; she entered after her sister она вошла вслед за своей сестрой

2) указывает на последовательную смену явлений или промежуток времени, после которого произошло или произойдет действие после, за, через, спустя; day after day день за днем; she will come after supper она придет после ужина; they met after ten years они встретились через десять лет; after his arrival после его приезда

3) указывает на сходство с чем-л. или подражание чему-л. по, с, согласно; after the same pattern по тому же образцу; an etching after Gainsborough гравюра с (картины или рисунка) Гейнсборо; after the latest fashion по последней моде; the boy takes after his father сын во всем похож на отца; each acted after his kind каждый действовал по-своему

4) указывает на внимание, заботу о ком-л. о, за; to look after smb. смотреть за кем-л.; to ask (или to inquire) after smb. спрашивать, справляться о ком-л.

5) выражает уступительность несмотря на; after all my trouble he has learnt nothing несмотря на все мои старания, он ничему не научился

after all в конце концов

after a manner не очень хорошо, неважно

what is he after? что ему нужно?; куда он гнет?

who is he after? кто ему нужен?

2. conjunction

после того как; soon after he arrived he began to work at school по приезде он стал работать в школе

3. adverb

1) сзади, позади

2) позднее; потом, затем; впоследствии; soon after вскоре после этого

4. adjective

1) задний; the after part of the ship кормовая часть корабля

2) последующий; in after years в будущем

* * *

1 (2) после того, как

2 (p) после; через

* * *

1) после 2) за 3) потом, затем, после

* * *
[af·ter || 'ɑːftə] adv. потом, позднее, затем, после, впоследствии; позади, сзади; вдогонку, следом, вслед; спустя; согласно prep. после, спустя; за, через, следом за, вдогонку за; позади; по; о; с; согласно conj. после того как adj. последующий, задний
* * *

за

по

позднее

позднейшее

позже

попозже

после

раньше-позже

* * *
1. предл. 1) за, позади (местонахождение, следование) 2) за 3) после, за; через, спустя 4) указывает на цель 5) указывает на объект внимания, заботы и других действий 2. союз после того как 3. нареч. 1) позади 2) позднее, позже 4. прил. 1) задний, расположенный сзади 2) последующий

Новый англо-русский словарь > after
14 epidromus

ĕpī̆drŏmus, i, m., = epidromos.
I.
A cord running up and down for opening and closing a net, Cato, R. R. 13, 1 Schneid.; Plin. 19, 1, 2, § 11.—
II.
The sail in the after-part of a ship, acc. to Isid. Orig. 19, 3, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > epidromus
15 инспектор по кораблестроительной части

ship surveyor

снабжение по корпусной части — ship's outfit

тазобедренная и поясничная части — hip and loin

инспектор по механической части — engineer surveyor

кормовая часть корабля — the after part of the ship

Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > инспектор по кораблестроительной части
16 снабжение по корпусной части

ship's outfit

часть, готовая выполнить любое задание — gung-ho outfit

инспектор по кораблестроительной части — ship surveyor

кормовая часть корабля — the after part of the ship

часть авиационного транспорта — airlift outfit

Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > снабжение по корпусной части
17 AF

of

* * *

prep. w. dat.

I. Of place:

1) off, from;

G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;

ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;

Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;

Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;

hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;

Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;

tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;

bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;

land af landi, from one land to the other;

hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;

vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;

muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;

rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;

vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;

lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;

vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;

2) out of;

verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;

gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;

Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.

Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.

II. Of time; past, beyond:

af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;

ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;

þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;

var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.

III. In various other relations:

1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;

hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;

vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;

féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;

þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;

þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;

ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;

2) off, of;

höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;

vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;

þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;

absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;

fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;

3) of, among;

hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;

4) with;

hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;

fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;

5) of (= ór which is more frequent);

húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;

6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;

hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;

7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;

ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;

kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;

8) by, of (after passive);

ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;

ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;

9) on account of, by reason of, by;

úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;

ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;

af ástæld hans, by his popularity;

af því, therefore;

af hví, wherefor why;

af því at, because;

10) by means of, by;

framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;

af sínu fé, by one’s own means;

absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;

11) with adjectives, in regard to;

mildr af fé, liberal of money;

góðr af griðum, merciful;

fastr af drykk, close (stingy) in regard to drink;

12) used absol. with a verb, off away;

hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;

ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;

sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.

* * *

prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.

A. Loc.

I. With motion, off, from:

1. prop. corresp. to á,

α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.

β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.

γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.

δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.

ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.

ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).

2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).

II. WITHOUT MOTION:

1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.

2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.

β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.

γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.

3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.

β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.

4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.

B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:

1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.

2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.

3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.

C. In various other relations:

I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.

1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.

2. where an object is taken by force:

α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.

β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.

γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.

3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.

β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.

II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.

β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.

γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.

2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.

β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.

γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.

δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.

3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.

III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.

2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.

IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:

1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.

β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.

2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.

β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.

V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:

1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.

2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.

VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:

1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.

β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.

2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.

β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.

3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.

4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.

5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.

VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:

1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.

β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.

2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.

VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.

IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.

β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;

γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.

δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.

X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.

2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.

XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).

D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:

I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.

II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AF
18 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT
19 في

في \ a; an; each; every: twice a day; 80 miles an hour. at: (showing where): at home; at the office, (showing a point of time) at midday; at 4 o’clock; He was married at 18, (after an adj) good at English; quick at sums. by: during: We travelled by night. in: showing where: In bed; in London; in the box; in his speech, showing condition In a hurry; in trouble, showing a direction; into He fell in the river. He put his hand in his pocket, showing when; during In the past; in January 1980; in the evening, showing what sth. contains or includes There are 60 minutes in an hour. Is he in your team?, showing what sb. wears He was in his best suit, showing a shape or arrangement They stood in a row, showing employment or activity or an event He’s in the navy. She was killed in the accident. on: showing when: on Monday; on May the 6th. showing the state of sb.:: Are you here on business or on holiday?. per: for each: He earns $8000 per annum (for each year). \ في (أيّ مَكَان)‏ \ anywhere: in or to any place: Are you going anywhere?. \ See Also إلى( إلى)‏ \ في \ home: to or at one’s house: Go home! Is your son home yet?. \ See Also إلى البيت \ في \ inside: on (or to) the inside. \ See Also إلى الداخل \ في \ inland: away from the sea: We crossed the coast and flew inland. \ See Also إلى داخل البلاد \ في \ indoors: into (or in) a building: He went (or He stayed) indoors because of the rain. \ See Also إلى داخل البيت \ في \ on board: on (or onto) a ship or aeroplane: There are 70 men on board. Can I go on board the aircraft?. \ See Also إلى دَاخِل الطَّائِرَة \ في \ upstairs: on, at or to a higher floor; up the stairs; at the top of the stairs: She went upstairs because her room is upstairs. She has an upstairs bedroom. \ See Also إلى الدَّور الأَعْلى \ في \ low: to or in a low position: The sun had sunk low in the sky. \ See Also إلى وَضْع مُنْخفِض \ في \ whereabouts: in or near which place: Whereabouts did you find this ring?. \ See Also قرب أيّ مكان؟ \ في \ upstream: against the flow of the stream; up the river: They rowed (the boat) upstream. \ See Also نَحْوَ أعلى النَّهر \ في الاتجاه المعاكس \ backward(s): towards the back: He fell over backwards. \ في أَثَر \ after: following, in search of: I ran after him but could not catch him. The police are after him. \ في أثناء الخِدْمَة (خارج أوقات الخِدمة)‏ \ on duty, (off duty): at work (not at work): The night nurse has 12 hours on duty, then 12 hours off duty. She went on duty at 18.00 and came off duty at 06.00. \ في أثناء ذلك \ meanwhile, meantime: (in) the time between: You’ll have to wait till he’s ready; but you can read this (in the) meanwhile. \ في إجازة \ off: free from work: My employer gave me the afternoon off. \ See Also عطلة (عُطْلَة)‏ \ في أَحْسَن الأَحْوَال \ at best: in the most hopeful conditions: At best, we can’t be ready till Tuesday. \ في آخر \ eventually: in the end: The car kept stopping, but we got home eventually. ultimately: in the end: We must all, ultimately, die. \ See Also نهاية الأمر \ في آخر رَمَق \ on one’s last legs: (of a person or thing) not expected to last much longer; worn out; almost in ruins: That company is on its last legs. \ في آخر لحظة \ in the nick of time: just in time; almost too late: She saved him in the nick of time from falling over the cliff. \ في أَرْجَاء \ about: from place to place in: We wandered about the town. round: (also around) from place to place: He wandered (a)round (the town). We travelled (a)round (the country). \ في أَسْفَل \ under: (also underneath), in a lower position. underneath: (of position) below: It was hidden underneath the floor boards. \ See Also الأسفل (الأَسْفَل)‏ \ في الأَصْل \ originally: in the beginning: This school was originally a rich man’s home. \ في الأَعْلَى \ up: in or to higher position: She lives up in the hills. \ في أغلب الظَّنّ \ doubtless: probably: It will doubtless rain on the day of the garden party. \ في أَفْضَل حَالَة \ at one’s best: in one’s best state: My garden is at its best in spring. \ في أقلّ مِن \ within: in less than: He will arrive within an hour. I live within a mile of the sea. \ في الأمام \ in front: at the front: You go in front and I’ll follow. \ في أَوَاخِر \ late: near the end of a period of time: Late in the year; in the late afternoon. \ في الأوْج \ in full swing: (of an activity) at its highest point; very busy: The party was in full swing when I arrived. \ في أوجِ الإزْهَار \ in bloom: flowering: The roses are in bloom now. \ في أيّ مَكَان \ anywhere: in no matter what place: Put it down anywhere. \ في أيّ وقت \ ever: (esp. in a negative sentence or a question) at any time: Nobody ever writes to me. Have you ever been to Rome? If you ever go there, you must see St. Peter’s cathedral. \ في أيّ وقت مَضَى \ ever: (in a comparative sentence) at any time: He’s working harder than ever. This is the best book I’ve ever read. \ في بادئ الأمر \ at first: at the beginning: At first the new school seemed strange, but then we got used to it. \ في البَدْء \ primarily: mainly; in the first place: This book is written primarily for foreigners. \ See Also أصلا (أَصْلاً)، أساسا (أساسًا)‏ \ في بعض الوقت \ part-time: for only part of the usual working time: She’s a part-time teacher. \ في البيت \ at home: in one’s house: He’s at home in the evenings. \ في البيت المُجَاوِر \ next, next door: in the next house: He lives next door. He is my nextdoor neighbour. \ في تَحَسُّن (من النّاحية الصحّية)‏ \ on the mend: getting better in health (after an illness). \ في تِلْكَ الحالةِ \ in that case: if that happens, or has happened: He may be late. In that case, we shall go without him, if that happens, or has happened He may be late. In that case, we shall go without him. \ في تِلْكَ اللَّحظة \ just: (with continuous tenses; always directly before the present participle) at this moment; at that moment: We’re just starting dinner. We were just starting dinner when he arrived. \ في التَّوّ \ straight away: at once. \ في جانب \ in favour of: supporting: I’m in favour of your plans. \ في الجَانِب الآخَر مِن \ across: on the other side of: My home is across the river. \ في جانب \ for: in favour of: Are you for this idea or against it?. \ See Also صف (صَفّ)‏ \ في جزء أدنى مِن \ down: at a lower level: My house is a little way down the hill. \ في الجِوَار \ about: around; near: There’s a lot of illness about. I went out early, when no one was about (when no one else was out). \ في الحَال \ at once: without delay: Stop that at once!. away: right away; straight away. immediately: at once. instantly: at once. on the spot: in that place and at that moment: He gave me the bill and I paid it on the spot. readily: without delay: The book you need is not readily obtainable. straight away: at once. \ في حَالَةِ \ at: (showing a state): at war; at play. on: showing the state of sth.: The house is on fire. \ في حَالَة حَسَنَة \ well, (better, best): the opposite of ill and unwell; in good health: Don’t you feel well? You’ll soon get better if you drink this medicine. How are you? Very well, thank you. I feel best in the early morning (better than at any other time). \ في حَالَة سَيِّئَة \ in a bad way: in a bad state. \ في حَالَة عَدَم توفُّر \ failing: giving a second choice of action, if the first choice fails: Ask John to do it. Failing him, ask Michael. \ في حَالَة فَوْضَى \ chaotic: in a state of chaos: The young teacher had a chaotic classroom. \ في حَالَةِ وُجُود \ in case of: in the event of; if there is: In case of fire, ring the bell. \ في حَالَةِ ما إِذَا \ in case: because of the possibility of sth. happening: Take a stick, in case you meet a snake. \ في حركة دائِمة \ on the move: moving; travelling: He’s always on the move and never settles for long. \ في الحَقِيقَة \ as a matter of fact, in fact: really; in truth: The dog seemed dead but in fact it was only asleep. As a matter of fact, I don’t like Michael. in point of fact: actually, in fact. in reality: in fact. really: truly; in fact: Is he really your son? He does not look like you!. \ في حَيْرَة من أَمْره \ at one’s wits’ end: too worried by difficulties to know what to do. \ في حين \ whereas: but: They are looking for a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat. \ في حينه \ round: following a regular course: Wait till your turn comes round. \ في الخَارِج \ abroad: in or to another country: I spent my holiday abroad. out: in (or into) the open; away from shelter; in (or into) view: Don’t stand out in the rain. The ship was far out at sea. out of door, outdoors: in the open air; not in a house: I like sleeping out of doors under the stars. outside: not within; in the open air; on the outer side: It’s raining outside. The cup is blue outside, and white inside. overseas: across the sea; (to the British, the mainland of Europe is abroad but it is not overseas): She is working overseas, in South America. \ في خِدمَة... \ at one’s service: ready to fulfil one’s needs: The hotel car is at your service if you want to go anywhere. \ في خَريف العُمر \ middle-aged: neither young nor old; aged between about 40 and 65. \ في خطٍّ مُستقيم \ as the crow flies: in a straight line: It is 5 miles away by road, but only 2 miles as the crow flies. \ فِي الخَفَاء \ stealth: by stealth using secret and quiet action: He got into the house by stealth, not by force. \ في خِلال \ in: showing a space of time before sth. will happen; after: I’ll come in a few days (or in a minute). in the course of: during: In the course of the morning I had seven visitors. \ في الدّاخل \ in: in a building, esp. at home, work or where one is expected to be: Is anyone in? I’m afraid Mr. Jones is out, but he’ll be in at 5 o’clock. \ في داخِل \ in: showing a direction; into: He fell in the river. He put his hand in his pocket. inside: on (or to) the inside of: Please wait inside the room. \ في داخِل النَّفْس \ inwardly: secretly; as regards one’s inner feelings: I was inwardly delighted, but I pretended not to care. \ في دَرَجَة الغَلَيان \ on the boil: boiling; at this heat. \ في ذلك المكان \ there: at that place: I live there. \ في رأيي \ to my mind: in my opinion: To my mind, this is most dishonest. \ في سَبِيل \ in the process of: to be doing: I am in the process of painting my house. sake, for the sake, of, for sb.’s sake: for the good of; so as to help: Soldiers die for the sake of their county (or for their country’s sake). Don’t take any risks for my sake, for the desire of Why ruin your health for the sake of a little pleasure?. \ في سِنّ المُرَاهَقَة \ teenage: in one’s teens: a teenage girl. \ في شكّ \ in doubt: uncertain: When in doubt, ask your father. \ في صحَّة جيِّدة \ fit: healthy: We take exercise so as to keep fit. \ في صَفّ \ in single file: in one line, one behind the other: We had to ride in single file down the narrow path. \ في الطّابِق الأَسْفل \ downstairs: at the bottom of the stairs; in a room at that level: I’ll wait for you downstairs. \ في الطّابِق الفوقانيّ \ overhead: above one’s head: a noise in the room overhead; clouds in the sky overhead. \ في طَرَف \ up: along (up and down are both used like this, although the course may be quite level): He lives just up the road. \ في طريق النُّور \ in sb.’s light: preventing light from reaching him: I can’t read if you stand in my light. \ في الظّاهر \ outwardly: as regards the appearance (compared with the hidden facts or inner feelings): She was outwardly calm but inwardly full of anger. \ في العَام \ annual: happening every year; of a year: an annual feast; the annual production of oil. \ في عَجلة من أمره \ in a hurry: Ants are always in a hurry. \ في العَرَاء \ in the open: outside in the air: I like to sleep out in the open, under she stars. outdoors, out of doors: the open air; not in a building: Go outdoors and play football. \ في (عُرض) البَحْر \ at sea: on the sea; far from land: a storm at sea. \ في عُطلة \ on holiday, on vacation: having a holiday: The schools are on holiday. We’re going on vacation to the sea. \ See Also إجازة( إجازة)‏ \ في غابر الأزمان (كان يا ما كان...)‏ \ once upon a time: (used at the beginning of stories). \ في الغَالِب \ mainly: chiefly; mostly. \ في غالِب الظنّ \ probably: almost certainly; with little doubt: You’re probably right. \ في غاية الجُنون \ raving mad: noisily and violently mad. \ في غَمْضَة عَيْن \ in no time: very quickly; very soon: If you follow this path, you’ll get there in no time. \ في غِيَابِه \ behind sb.’s back: when someone is not present: He tells untrue stories about me behind my back. \ في كُلٍّ \ a; an; each; every: twice a day. 80 miles an hour. ten pence a packet. \ في كل مكان \ everywhere: in all places: I’ve looked for it everywhere. \ في كل وقت \ ever: at all times; always: I shall stay there for ever. \ في لحظة خاطفة \ in a flash: very quickly and suddenly: He seized the money and was gone in a flash. \ في اللحظة المناسبة \ in the nick of time: just in time; almost too late: She saved him in the nick of time from falling over the cliff. \ في اللَّيْل \ at night: during the night. overnight: for the night: I shall stay at a hotel overnight and come back tomorrow, on the night before; during the night I packed my suitcase overnight, so as to be ready to leave at sunrise. His car was stolen overnight. \ في المائَة \ per cent: for, out, of, each hundred: Six per cent of the boys failed the exam, (one part) of each hundred I’m a 100 per cent in agreement with you. About 70 per cent (written as 70%) of the people are farmers. \ في المُتَنَاوَل \ forthcoming: supplied when needed: We wanted a new school clock, but the money was not forthcoming. \ في مُتَناوَل \ within: inside; not beyond; within reach; within one’s powers. \ في متناول اليَد \ at hand: near; within reach: Help was at hand. handy: near; easily reached when wanted: Keep that book handy so that you can look at it often. \ في مَجْمُوعَة بين \ among(st): in the middle of; mixed with; surrounded by: I found this letter among my books. There is a secret enemy amongst us. \ في مِحْنة خَطَر \ in distress: (of a ship or aeroplane) in dangerous trouble; needing help. \ في المُدّة الأخيرة \ lately: not long ago; in the near past: Have you seen her lately?. \ في المرَّة التالية \ next: the next time: I’ll give it to you when I next see you. \ See Also القادمة \ في مُقَابِل \ for: showing that something is as a return or in place of: I gave him $5 for his help. Will you change this old car for a new one?. in return (for): in exchange or payment for: Give her some flowers in return for her kindness. \ في المقام الأوّل \ firstly: as the first reason, fact, etc: I need a hot drink. Firstly, because I’m cold; secondly, because I’m thirsty. \ في المقدمة \ in front: at the front: You go in front and I’ll follow. \ في مَكَان \ in sb,’s stead: in sb.’s place; instead of sb.. \ See Also بدلا من (بدلاً من)‏ \ في مَكَان آخَر \ elsewhere: in some other place. \ في المَكَان \ in position: in the correct position. \ See Also المَوضِع الصَّحيح \ في مَكَان قَريب \ by: near: He stood by and watched them. \ في مَكَانٍ ما \ somewhere: in or to some place (but usu. anywhere in negative sentences and questions): I’ve met him somewhere before. Let’s go somewhere peaceful (to some peaceful place). \ في المكان والزّمان المذكورين \ on the spot: in that place and at that moment: Fortunately a doctor was on the spot when she broke her leg. \ في مكانه \ belong: to be in the right place: This book belongs on the top shelf. \ See Also موضِعِه المناسب \ في مَلْعَبِه \ at home: (of a match) on one’s own field: Our team are playing at home tomorrow. \ في مُنْتَصَف الطَّريق \ midway: halfway; in the middle: The station is midway between the two villages. \ في مَوعِد لاَ يَتَجَاوَز \ by: before; not later than: Can you finish this by Tuesday? They ought to be here by now. \ في المَوْعِد المحدَّد \ on time: exactly at the appointed moment: The bus always leaves on time. \ في مياه أعمق من قَامَته \ out of one’s depth: in water that is too deep to stand up in: Don’t go out of your depth unless you can swim. \ في النّادِر \ rarely: not often; hardly at all: She rarely smokes. \ في نظر \ in the eyes of: in the opinion of: In his mother’s eyes he can do no wrong. \ في نَظَري \ to my mind: in my opinion: To my mind, this is most dishonest. \ في النّهايَة \ at last: in the end, after much delay: The train was very slow, but we got there at last. at length: at last; in the end: He waited two hours. At length he went home. finally: lastly; in the end. \ في نِهايَة الأمْر \ in the long run: after a period of time; in the end: It’ll be cheaper in the long run to buy good quality shoes. \ See Also عَلَى المدى الطويل \ في هذا الوقت \ now: (in a written account) at the time that is being described: The war was now over. \ في هَذا المَكَان \ about: here: Is anyone about?. \ في هذه الأَثْنَاء \ meanwhile, meantime: (in) the time between: You’ll have to wait till he’s ready; but you can read this (in the) meanwhile. \ في هذه الأَيَّام \ nowadays: in these times (compared with the past): Travel is much easier nowadays. today: the present time: the scientists of today. \ في هذه الحالة \ all right: (also alright), in that case: You don’t want it? All right, I’ll give it to someone else. \ في هذه اللَّحْظَة \ just: (with continuous tenses; always directly before the present participle) at this moment; at that moment: We’re just starting dinner. We were just starting dinner when he arrived. just now: at this moment: I’m busy just now. \ في الهواء الطَّلْق \ in the open: outside in the air: I like to sleep out in the open, under the stars. out of doors, outdoors: in the open air; not in a house: I like sleeping out of doors under the stars. outdoors, out of doors: the open air; not in a building: Go outdoors and play football. \ في الوَاقِع \ in reality: in fact. \ في الوَاقِع \ actually: in fact; really: She looks about thirty, but actually she’s thirty-nine. as a matter of fact, in fact: really; in truth: The dog seemed dead but in fact it was only asleep. As a matter of fact, I don’t like Michael. in point of fact: actually, in fact. truly: really: Are you truly sorry for your crimes?. virtually: actually but not officially: He was virtually a prisoner in his home, as he did not dare to go out while the police were watching. \ في الوَسَط \ halfway: between two places and at an equal distance from them: His house is halfway between yours and mine. \ في وَسْط المسافة \ halfway: between two places and at an equal distance from them: His house is halfway between yours and mine. \ في وَضَح (النهار)‏ \ broad: (of daylight) full; complete: The bank was robbed in broad daylight. \ في وَضع لا يجوز فيه رَكْل الكُرة \ offside: (of a player in football, etc.) breaking a rule by being in a position in which play is not allowed. \ في الوَقْت الحَاضِر \ at present: now; at the present time: At present I have no job, but I shall get one soon. for the time being: for the present: I have no job, but I’m helping my father for the time being. now: at the present time: Where are you working now? Now is the time to plant those seeds. today: the present time: the scientists of today. \ في وَقْتٍ لاَحِق \ after: later: She came first and he arrived soon after. \ في وقتٍ ما \ sometime: (often two words, some time) at a time not exactly known or stated: Come again sometime. He left sometime after dinner. \ في وقتٍ متأخر \ late: after the proper or usual time; not early: We always go to bed very late. He arrived too late for dinner. \ في وقتٍ متأخر مِن \ late: near the end of a period of time: Late in the year; in the late afternoon. \ في الوَقْتِ المُقَرَّر \ round: following a regular course: Wait till your turn comes round. \ في وَقْتٍ من الأوقات \ ever: (esp. in a negative sentence or a question) at any time: Nobody ever writes to me. Have you ever been to Rome? If you ever go there, you must see St. Peter’s cathedral. \ في الوَقْتِ المناسب \ early: in good time for one’s purpose; before the fixed time: We arrived early and got the best seats. in due course: later; after a reasonable delay: He will get better in due course. in good time: slightly early: He came in good time for the meeting. \ في وقت واحد \ at a time: together: They arrived three at a time (in groups of three). \ في يوم من الأيام \ once upon a time: (used at the beginning of stories). \ See Also كان يا ما كان

Arabic-English dictionary > في
20 run

1. [rʌn] n
I

1. 1) бег, пробег

at a run - бегом [см. тж. ♢ ]

to come up at a run - подбежать

to cross exposed areas at a run - воен. преодолевать открытые участки перебежками

on the run - а) на ходу, в движении; to be on the run all day - быть весь день в бегах; б) второпях; [см. тж. 2) и 3)]

to keep smb. on the run - а) не давать кому-л. остановиться; б) не давать кому-л. покоя

to break into a run - побежать, пуститься бегом

to make a run for it - а) броситься куда-л. со всех ног; б) сделать перебежку куда-л. (под пулями и т. п.)

he took a short run and cleared the fence - он разбежался и перепрыгнул через забор

there was no run left in me - я больше не мог /у меня больше не было сил/ бежать

2) бегство; беспорядочное отступление

to be on the run - поспешно отступать, бежать [см. тж. 1) и 3)]

we have the enemy on the run - мы обратили врага в бегство

to keep the enemy on the run - воен. не давать противнику закрепляться ( в ходе преследования)

3) побег; нахождение в бегах

the criminal was on the run - преступник был в бегах [см. тж. 1) и 2)]

he is on the run from the police - он скрывается /бегает/ от полиции

4) короткая прогулка (пешком, на лошади и т. п.); пробежка

to go for a run - а) пробежаться; б) проехаться (в автомобиле, на лошади и т. п.)

to go for a short run before breakfast - а) немного пробежаться /сделать небольшую пробежку/ перед завтраком; б) совершить небольшую (автомобильную, верховую и т. п.) прогулку перед завтраком

to give smb. a run - дать пробежаться

I was giving my dog a run in the park - я пустил свою собаку побегать в парке

2. короткая поездка

a run to Paris - кратковременная поездка в Париж

good run! - счастливого пути!

3. рейс, маршрут

ship's run - маршрут /рейс/ корабля

the boat was taken off its usual run - судно было снято со своего обычного рейса

the milkman has finished his run - разносчик молока всех обслужил

4. 1) переход

trial run - испытательный пробег [см. тж. II 1]

a day's run - день пути

it is a quick run from Glasgow - это недалеко от Глазго

it is a two hour's run from London - это находится в двух часах езды от Лондона

2) ж.-д. перегон, прогон

3) ав. полёт; перелёт

we had a good run - полёт проходил хорошо

5. 1) пройденное расстояние; отрезок пути

2) ж.-д. пробег (локомотива, вагона)

3) ав. отрезок трассы

6. ав. пробег ( при посадке); разбег ( при взлёте)

7. 1) тропа ( проложенная животными)

a buffalo run - буйволова тропа

2) колея ( след от транспорта)

8. период, отрезок ( времени), полоса

a run of success [of good luck] - полоса успеха [везения /удачи/]

a run of ill luck - несчастливая полоса, полоса невезения

a long run of power - долгое пребывание у власти

to have a long run - долго идти (на сцене)

the play had a short run - эта пьеса шла недолго

9. 1) направление

the run of the mountains is S.W. - горы тянутся на юго-запад

2) геол. направление рудной жилы

10. партия ( изделий)

11. тираж (книги и т. п.)

a run of three thousand (copies) - тираж в три тысячи (экземпляров)

12. спорт. ( в крикете и бейсболе)

1) единица счёта

2) перебежка

to make six runs - сделать шесть перебежек

3) очко за перебежку

13. 1) стадо ( животных)

2) стая ( птиц)

3) косяк ( рыбы)

14. карт. ряд, серия

a run of cards - карты одной масти, идущие подряд по достоинству; «стрит» ( в покере)

a run of three - три карты одной масти подряд

15. средний тип, сорт или разряд

the general run of smth. - что-л. обычное /среднее/

an ordinary run of cloth - обыкновенный /стандартный/ сорт ткани

the common /general, ordinary/ run of men - обыкновенные люди

out of the run - необыкновенный, из ряда вон выходящий, незаурядный

above the ordinary run of mankind - необыкновенный, незаурядный

not like the common run of girls - не такая, как все девушки

16. спрос

a run on rubber [on a book] - большой спрос на резину [на книгу]

to have a general run - пользоваться широким спросом

the book had a considerable run - книга пользовалась спросом; книга хорошо распродавалась

a run on the bank - ком. наплыв в банк требований о возвращении вкладов, массовое изъятие вкладов из банка

17. разг. разрешение, право пользоваться (чем-л.)

to have the run of smb.'s house - иметь право распоряжаться в чьём-л. доме

to give smb. the (free) run of one's house [books] - разрешить кому-л. (свободно, беспрепятственно) распоряжаться /пользоваться/ своим домом [своими книгами]

I had the run of a well-stocked library - в моём полном распоряжении оказалась богатая библиотека

18. 1) загон (для овец и т. п.)

2) вольер (для кур и т. п.)

3) австрал. пастбище, особ. овечье

4) австрал. скотоводческая ферма

19. амер. ручей, поток

20. 1) сильный прилив, приток (воды и т. п.)

2) амер. ток ( жидкости); истечение

the first run of the sugar maple - сок сахарного клёна первого сбора

21. уклон, трасса

22. обвал, оползень

23. труба, жёлоб, лоток ( для воды)

24. длина (провода, труб)

a 500 ft run of pipe - пятисотфутовый отрезок трубы; труба длиной в пятьсот футов

25. размер ( стиха)

26. 1) ход рыбы на нерест

2) нерестящаяся рыба

27. марш ( лестницы)

28. мор. кормовое заострение ( корпуса)

29. муз. рулада

II

1. ход, работа, действие (мотора, машины)

test /trial/ run - испытание (машины, оборудования и т. п.) [см. тж. I 4, 1)]

an experimental run to test the machinery - опытный /пробный/ запуск агрегата

2. течение, ход (событий и т. п.)

the run of the disease - ход /течение/ болезни

the usual /ordinary/ run of things - обычное положение вещей

the run of the market - ком. общая тенденция рыночных цен

3. демонстрирование, показ, просмотр (фильма, спектакля)

the first run of the film - премьера кинофильма, выпуск кинофильма на экран

4. провоз ( контрабанды)

5. ав. заход на цель (тж. bombing run)

to enter the run - начинать заход на цель

6. амер. спустившаяся петля ( на чулке)

7. серия ( измерений)

♢

at a run - подряд, один за другим [см. тж. I 1, 1)]

in the long run - в конце концов; в конечном счёте; в общем

to go with a run - ≅ идти как по маслу

to come down with a run - стремительно падать

prices [temperature] came down with a run - цены [температура] резко упали [упала]

to give smb. /to let smb. have/ a good run for his money - а) предоставить кому-л. все удовольствия на свете (обыкн. ирон.); б) заставить кого-л. побегать, поволноваться и т. п.

it's all in the day's run - это всё обычно, мы ко всему этому привыкли

the run of one's teeth - бесплатное питание (обыкн. за проделанную работу)
2. [rʌn] a
1. жидкий; расплавленный; растопленный

run butter - топлёное масло

2. вылитый в расплавленном состоянии; литой

run metal - литьё

3. отцеженный, отфильтрованный

run honey - чистый мёд ( отделённый от сот)

4. разг. контрабандный

5. нерестящийся

run fish - рыба, пришедшая в пресную воду на нерест

6. спец. мягкий

run coal - мягкий или сыпучий уголь; мягкий битуминозный уголь; рядовой уголь

7. диал. свернувшийся, скисший ( о молоке)
3. [rʌn] v (ran, run)
I

1. бежать, бегать

to run fast [slowly, as hard as one can, like a deer] — бегать быстро [медленно, изо всех сил, как олень]

to run a mile — пробежать милю [ср. тж. II А 6, 2)]

to run oneself out of breath — задохнуться от бега

to run up and down the stairs — бегать вверх и вниз по лестнице

to run upstairs — побежать наверх

to run down a hill — сбежать с холма

to run up and down the street — бегать взад и вперёд по улице

to run about the streets [the fields] — бегать /носиться/ по улицам [по полям]

to run across the street — перебежать (через) улицу

to run out of the room — выбегать из комнаты

to run at smb.'s heels — бежать рядом ( о собаке)

to run past smb. — пробежать мимо кого-л.

to run after smb. — а) бежать за кем-л.; run after him — беги за ним!, догони его!; б) ухаживать, «бегать» за кем-л.

to run after men — бегать за мужчинами

she is very much run after — за ней многие ухаживают

run after smth. — бежать за чем-л.

to run after a bus — бежать вдогонку за автобусом

to run for smb. — сбегать за кем-л.

run for the doctor! — беги за врачом!

to run to smb. for help — побежать к кому-л. за помощью

we ran to her aid — мы бросились к ней на помощь

she always runs to me in case of trouble — когда у неё неприятности, она всегда прибегает /обращается/ ко мне

I must run now — я должен уже бежать, мне пора (уходить)

2. гнать, подгонять

he ran me breathless /off my logs, off my feet/ — он меня совершенно загнал, он меня загнал до изнеможения

don't run me too fast — не гоните меня так быстро

to run cattle — гнать скот ( на пастбище)

3. убегать, спасаться бегством (тж. run away, run off)

to run from smb., smth. — убегать от кого-л., чего-л.

the enemy ran — враг обратился в бегство

to run for it — разг. удирать, спасаться, искать спасения в бегстве

to run for one's life /for dear life/ — разг. бежать /удирать/ изо всех сил

to run before the sea — мор. уходить от волны

to run out of range — воен. выходить за пределы досягаемости ( огня)

4. 1) двигаться, катиться, скользить

to run on rails — ходить /двигаться/ по рельсам

to run off the rails — а) сойти с рельсов (о поезде, трамвае); б) сбиться с пути (праведного); в) ≅ с катушек долой

to run past a signal — проскочить светофор

motor-cars run along ordinary roads — автомобили ездят по обычным дорогам

sledges run on snow — сани скользят по снегу

the ball ran past the hole — мяч покатился мимо лунки ( в гольфе)

the drawer doesn't run easily — ящик плохо выдвигается

the ship ran before the wind — а) корабль плыл с попутным ветром; б) мор. корабль шёл на фордевинд

life runs smoothly for her — её жизнь течёт гладко /спокойно/

2) амер. разг. катать в автомобиле (кого-л.)

5. 1) ходить, следовать, курсировать, плавать

to run from Moscow to St Petersburg — следовать из Москвы в Санкт-Петербург

to run every three minutes [daily] — ходить каждые три минуты [ежедневно]

to run behind schedule — опаздывать, отставать от расписания

to run on a regular service — совершать регулярные рейсы

the trains aren't running — поезда не ходят

the traffic runs day and night here — здесь круглосуточное движение

this bus runs between Chicago and New York — этот автобус курсирует между Чикаго и Нью-Йорком

to run straight for — мор. идти прямо в

to run off the course — мор. сбиваться с курса

to run in with the shore — мор. идти вдоль берега

2) двигаться, идти ( с определённой скоростью)

this train runs at 50 miles an hour — этот поезд делает /идёт со скоростью/ пятьдесят миль в час

we run from forty to fifty miles a day — мы проходим /делаем/ от сорока до пятидесяти миль в день

3) съездить (куда-л.) на короткий срок

to run up to town (for a day or two) — съездить в город (обыкн. в Лондон) (на день-два)

to run up and visit smb. — съездить к кому-л. погостить

she ran up from Dorking almost daily — она почти каждый день ездила из Доркинга (в Лондон)

to run down to the country — съездить в деревню /в провинцию/ (обыкн. из Лондона)

to run over to Paris — съездить (ненадолго) в Париж

4) ав. совершать пробег, разбег

5) ав. заходить на цель

6. 1) бежать, лететь, протекать ( о времени)

time runs fast — время бежит /летит/

his life had only a few hours to run — ему оставалось жить всего несколько часов

2) идти, происходить (о событиях и т. п.)

things must run their course — надо предоставить события их естественному ходу

the war was running its appointed course — война шла своим чередом

7. проноситься, мелькать

thoughts run in /through/ one's head [mind] — мысли мелькают /проносятся/ в голове [в уме]

this tune runs in my head — эта мелодия всё время звучит у меня в ушах

8. (быстро) распространяться

a rumour ran through the town — по городу разнёсся /распространился, пополз/ слух

the news ran like wildfire /like lightning/ — новость распространилась с молниеносной быстротой

a murmur ran through the ranks — ропот пробежал /прокатился/ по рядам

the fire ran through the building — огонь охватил всё здание

a cheer ran down the line — возгласы одобрения /крики ура/ прокатились по строю

a cold shiver ran down his spine — холодная дрожь пробежала у него по спине

the pain ran up his arm — он почувствовал острую боль в руке

I felt the blood running to my head — я почувствовал, как кровь ударила /бросилась/ мне в голову

9. 1) тянуться, простираться, расстилаться

to run north and south — тянуться /простираться/ на север и на юг

the road runs across the plain — дорога проходит по равнине

the road runs up the hill — дорога идёт в гору

a river that runs 200 miles — река протяжённостью в двести миль

under the hill ran a deep ravine — у подножия холма лежало глубокое ущелье

this line runs from... to... — этот маршрут проходит от... до..., эта линия соединяет...

new streets will run here — здесь будут новые улицы

down the centre ran a long table — в середине находился длинный стол

a scar runs across his cheek — у него шрам во всю щёку

2) ползти, виться ( о растениях)

a vine runs over the porch — крыльцо увито виноградом

a rambling rose ran all over the wall — роза оплетала всю стену

10. проводить, прокладывать

to run a fence round a house — обнести дом забором

to run boundary lines (on a map) — проводить границы (на карте)

to run a contour — обвести контур

to run a parallel (too far) — проводить (слишком далёкие) параллели

11. 1) быть действительным на определённый срок

this contract runs for seven years — этот контракт действителен на семь лет

this bill ran thirty days — этот вексель был сроком на 30 дней

this agreement has two years to run — это соглашение действительно ещё на два года

2) распространяться на определённую территорию, действовать на определённой территории

the King's laws do not run here — королевские законы на эту местность не распространяются

so far as British justice runs — там, где действует британское правосудие

3) иметь хождение ( о деньгах)

4) сопровождать в качестве непременного условия

a right-of-way that runs with the land — земля, через которую проходит полоса отчуждения (шоссе и т. п.)

12. 1) течь, литься, сочиться, струиться

to run with sweat — взмокнуть (от пота)

this river runs smoothly — эта река течёт плавно /спокойно/

rivers run into the sea — реки впадают в море

the water is running into the bath — вода льётся в ванну

wait till the water runs hot — подожди, пока не пойдёт горячая вода

blood runs in veins — кровь течёт по жилам

blood ran in torrents — кровь текла /лилась/ ручьём

till the blood ran — пока не потекла /не показалась/ кровь

tears ran down her cheeks — слёзы текли /катились/ по её щекам /лицу/

her eyes ran with tears — её глаза наполнились слезами; из её глаз потекли слёзы

the floor was running with water — пол был залит водой

the kettle is beginning to run — чайник закипает /льётся через край/

water ran off his raincoat — с его плаща стекала вода

the scolding ran off him like water off a duck's back — его ругают, а с него как с гуся вода

2) протекать, течь

this tap [barrel, pen] runs — этот кран [бочонок, эта ручка] течёт

his nose was running, he was running at the nose — у него текло из носу

his eyes run — у него слезятся /гноятся/ глаза

an ulcer that runs — кровоточащая язва

3) разливаться, расплываться

the wine ran (all) over the table — вино растеклось по (всему) столу

this ink does not run — эти чернила не расплываются

4) таять, течь

the ice-cream is beginning to run — мороженое начинает таять

the butter ran — масло растаяло

the candle ran — свеча оплыла

the wax melted and ran — воск растаял и оплыл

5) (into) сливаться, переходить (во что-л.)

to run into one — сливаться, объединяться воедино

to run into one another — переходить один в другой, сливаться в одно

the colours ran into one another — цвета переходили один в другой

days ran into weeks — из дней складывались недели

the rooms ran one into the other — комнаты были проходными

13. лить, наливать

to run water into a glass — налить воду в стакан

to run water into a bath-tub — наливать воду в ванну, напускать ванну

streets run blood — улицы были залиты кровью

14. 1) вращаться

a wheel [a spindle] runs — колесо [шпиндель] вращается

to run (up)on an axis — а) вращаться вокруг оси; б) вращаться на оси

2) (on, upon) касаться (какой-л. темы и т. п.)

his mind kept running on the problem — его мысли всё время вертелись вокруг этой проблемы; он всё время думал об этой проблеме

our talk /the conversation/ ran on recent events — мы всё время говорили /разговор шёл/ о недавних событиях

the whole argument runs on this point — этот момент является центральным в споре

3) (over) касаться, слегка дотрагиваться до (чего-л.)

her fingers ran over the keys of the piano — её пальцы пробежали по клавишам рояля

15. гласить

this clause runs — этот пункт гласит

her telegram runs — в её телеграмме говорится

the letter ran thus — в письме было изложено следующее

the story runs that (the bank will close) — говорят, что (банк закроется)

the proverb runs like this — вот как звучит эта пословица, эта пословица гласит

I forget how the poem runs — я не могу точно припомнить это стихотворение

16. проходить; преодолевать ( препятствие)

to run a blockade — прорывать блокаду

to run the guard — проходить незамеченным мимо часового

to run rapids — преодолевать пороги, проходить через пороги

17. линять

colour that does not run — нелинючая краска

18. амер., австрал. дразнить (кого-л.), приставать (к кому-л.), дёргать (кого-л.)

19. стр. покрывать штукатуркой

to run a moulding — вытягивать карниз шаблоном

II А

1. руководить (учреждением и т. п.); вести (дело, предприятие и т. п.)

to run a business — вести дело, управлять предприятием

to run a factory — управлять фабрикой, быть управляющим на фабрике

to run a theatre — руководить театром, быть директором театра

to run the external affairs of the state — руководить внешней политикой государства

to run the house (for smb.) — вести (чьё-л.) хозяйство

to run the show — разг. заправлять (чем-л.)

who is running the show? — разг. кто здесь главный?

he is run by his secretary — он под башмаком у своего секретаря

she runs the household — она ведёт хозяйство

it is being run as a commercial enterprise — это дело ведётся на коммерческой основе

2. 1) управлять ( автомобилем); водить (автобус и т. п.)

to run the engine — запускать двигатель /мотор/

I run this machine — я работаю на этой машине

to run a steamer — водить пароход

to run a ship to New York — вести корабль в Нью-Йорк

to run a car into a garage [off the road] — поставить автомобиль в гараж [съехать на обочину]

2) водить корабль без конвоя ( во время войны)

3. ставить ( опыт); производить ( испытания)

he will run this experiment — он поставит этот опыт

to run (the) trials — мор. а) производить ходовые испытания; б) проходить ходовые испытания

4. работать, действовать ( о машине)

to leave the engine running — не выключать мотора

the motor runs smoothly [very nice] — мотор работает ровно /спокойно/ [хорошо]

you mustn't let the machine run free /idle/ — ты не должен допускать, чтобы машина работала вхолостую /на холостом ходу/

an engine that runs at a very high speed — мотор, работающий на больших скоростях

5. 1) пускать ( линию); открывать (трассу, сообщение)

an express train runs between these cities — между этими городами ходит поезд /есть железнодорожное сообщение/

2) отправлять (автобусы и т. п.) на линию, по маршруту

to run a bus every three minutes — отправлять автобус через каждые три минуты

to run extra trains during the rush hours — пускать дополнительные поезда в часы пик

6. 1) проводить (соревнования, бега, скачки; тж. run off)

the Derby was run in a snowstorm — дерби проводилось во время снегопада

we are running a competition to find new dancers — мы проводим конкурс, чтобы выявить новых танцоров

2) участвовать (в соревнованиях, в беге, в скачках)

to run (in) a race — участвовать в соревнованиях по бегу или в скачках

to run (a race over) a mile — участвовать в беге на одну милю [ср. тж. I 1]

the cup will be run for tomorrow — завтра будут проводиться соревнования на кубок

3) занимать место (в соревнованиях и т. п.)

to run second [third] — прийти вторым [третьим]

my horse ran last — моя лошадь пришла последней /заняла последнее место/

also ran — также участвовала (в соревнованиях и т. п. — о лошадях), но не заняла призового места [см. тж. ♢ ]

7. 1) демонстрировать, показывать (пьесу, фильм)

we ran this play six times — мы показали эту пьесу 6 раз

2) идти (о пьесе, фильме)

the play has been running for a year — эта пьеса идёт (уже) год

the film runs for nearly 21/2 hours — фильм идёт почти два с половиной часа

8. 1) перевозить, транспортировать ( груз)

to run a cargo of coffee — перевозить груз кофе

to run smb. into London — отвезти кого-л. в Лондон

2) провозить контрабандой

to run liquor [drugs, arms] — нелегально /контрабандой/ провозить спиртные напитки [наркотики, оружие]

9. 1) преследовать, травить (зверя и т. п.)

to run a stag — преследовать оленя

to run a fox five miles — гнать лису 5 миль

to run a scent — идти по следу

to run to earth — а) загнать в нору; б) скрыться в нору; в) выследить; найти, обнаружить; настигнуть; I was run to earth by Ben — Бен еле-еле разыскал меня; to run a quarry to earth — настичь, жертву; г) спрятаться, притаиться

he ran the rumour to its source — он докопался до источника этого слуха

2) преследовать ( по суду)

10. подвергаться (риску, опасности)

to run risks /hazards, chances/ — рисковать

you run no risk of meeting him — тебе не грозит опасность встретить его

we ran a chance of getting no dinner — мы могли /нам грозило, мы рисковали/ остаться без обеда

you run the danger of being suspected of theft — есть опасность, что вас заподозрят в краже

11. печатать, опубликовывать, помещать (в газете, журнале)

to run a story on the third page — помещать /давать/ рассказ на третьей странице

12. 1) баллотироваться ( на пост)

to run in an election — баллотироваться на выборах

to run for parliament [for office, for president] — баллотироваться в парламент [на (какую-л.) должность, на пост президента]

2) выставлять ( кандидатуру)

to run a candidate — выставлять /выдвигать/ кандидата

who(m) will the Republicans run against the Democratic candidate? — кого выставят республиканцы против кандидата (от) демократической партии?

13. выполнять ( поручение)

to run errands — а) выполнять поручения; б) быть на посылках, на побегушках

to run messages — быть посыльным, разносить телеграммы и т. п.

14. болтать; распускать ( язык)

how your tongue runs — как ты (много) болтаешь

15. спускаться ( о петле)

silk stockings run — на шёлковых чулках спускаются петли

her stocking ran — у неё на чулке спустилась петля

16. смётывать (платье и т. п.); сшить на скорую руку (тж. to run up)

17. идти ( на нерест)

the salmon runs every year — сёмга нерестится каждый год

18. 1) плавить ( металл)

2) лить, отливать ( металл)

19. отставать ( о коре деревьев)

20. ударить ( по шару), покатить ( шар — в биллиарде)

21. диал.

1) скисать, свёртываться ( о молоке)

2) квасить, приводить к свёртыванию ( молоко)

II Б

1. to run across smb., smth. случайно встретить кого-л., что-л., случайно встретиться с кем-л., чем-л.; натолкнуться на кого-л., что-л.

I ran across him in the street — я случайно встретился /столкнулся/ с ним на улице

I ran across this quotation in a dictionary — эта цитата попалась мне в словаре

2. to run against smth. наталкиваться, налетать, наскакивать на что-л., сталкиваться с чем-л.

to run against a rock — наскочить на скалу, удариться о скалу

to run (up) against difficulties — столкнуться с трудностями

this runs against my interests — это идёт вразрез с моими интересами

3. to run against smb. идти, действовать, выступать против кого-л.

the statute runs against him — закон против него

4. to run smth. against smth. столкнуть что-л. с чем-л.; стукнуть что-л. обо что-л.

to run one's head against a wall — а) стукнуться головой о стену; б) прошибать лбом стену

5. to run smb., smth. against smb. выдвигать кого-л., что-л. против кого-л.

6. to run at smb., smth. нападать, набрасываться, накидываться на кого-л., что-л.

to run at smth. with a knife — броситься на кого-л. с ножом

to run at the railings — налететь на ограду

she ran at Laurie and gave him a squeeze — она бросилась к Лори и обняла его

7. to run into smth.

1) налетать, наскакивать, наталкиваться на что-л., сталкиваться с чем-л.

to run into a wall [into a tree, into a boulder] — налететь на стену [на дерево, на камень]

to run into a gale — мор. попасть в шторм

climbing higher, we ran into thick mist — поднявшись выше, мы попали в густой туман /оказались в густом тумане/

2) попадать в какое-л. положение

to run into debt — залезть в долги

to run into danger [into mischief, into trouble] — попасть в опасное положение [в беду]

we ran into a surprise — нас ожидал сюрприз

we expect to run into a few snags before the machine is ready for production — вполне возможно, что прежде чем машина будет готова к запуску в производство, в ней обнаружатся некоторые недоделки

3) достигать определённого количества, исчисляться определённой суммой

to run into thousands — исчисляться тысячами

the damages ran into thousands — компенсация за убытки исчислялась тысячами /достигала нескольких тысяч/ (фунтов)

the book ran into six editions — книга выдержала шесть изданий

the ship runs into so many tons displacement — мор. корабль имеет водоизмещение, достигающее стольких-то тонн

8. to run into smb. случайно встретить кого-л., столкнуться с кем-л.

to run into an old friend — случайно встретить старого друга

to run slap into smb. — разг. налететь на кого-л., столкнуться лицом к лицу с кем-л.

9. to run smth., smb. into smth.

1) втыкать, вгонять, вонзать что-л. во что-л.

to run a splinter into one's finger — загнать занозу в палец

2) вводить, ставить; кого-л. в что-л.

to run smb. into expense — ввести кого-л. в расход

to run smb. into difficulties — поставить кого-л. в трудное положение

10. to run smth., smb. into smth., smb. столкнуть что-л., кого-л. с чем-л., кем-л.; заставить что-л., кого-л. налететь, наскочить, натолкнуться на что-л., на кого-л.

they ran him into the barb-wire fence — они загнали его на забор из колючей проволоки

he lost control of the car and ran it into a lamp-post — он потерял управление и врезался в фонарный столб

he ran me into a cop — из-за него я нарвался на полицейского

11. to run on smth. = to run upon smth.

12. to run out of smth. истощать запас чего-л.; иссякать (о запасах и т. п.)

we've run out of typing paper — у нас кончилась бумага для машинки

to run out of ammunition — воен. израсходовать боеприпасы

to run out of altitude — ав. терять высоту полёта

13. to run smth. over smth., smb. проводить чем-л. по чему-л., кому-л.

to run an iron over a cloth — провести утюгом по скатерти

to run one's hand [fingers] (down [up]) over his face [her] — провести рукой [пальцами] (вниз [вверх]) по его лицу [по ней]

to run an eye over smth., smb. — окинуть взглядом, бегло осмотреть что-л., кого-л.

he ran a rapid eye over the papers — он бросил быстрый взгляд на бумаги /газеты/, он быстро пробежал глазами бумаги /газеты/

14. to run smth. through smth. продевать, пропускать что-л. через что-л.

to run a thread through an eyelet — продеть нитку в ушко /в петлю/

to run one's fingers [a comb] through one's [smb.'s] hair — провести пальцами [расчёской] по своим [по чьим-л.] волосам

to run a pen [a pencil] through smth. — зачеркнуть /прочеркнуть, перечеркнуть/ что-л. ручкой [карандашом]

15. to run smth. through smb., to run smb. through with smth. пронзать, прокалывать кого-л. чем-л.

to run a sword through smb., to run smb. through with a sword — проколоть /проткнуть, пронзить/ кого-л. шпагой

16. to run through smth.

1) бегло прочитывать /просматривать/ что-л.

to run through the text [papers] — бегло /быстро/ просмотреть текст /бумаги/

2) разг. повторять (особ. вкратце)

I'll just run through the main points of the subject — разрешите вкратце напомнить главные разделы этой темы

would you mind running through your proposals? — пожалуйста, перечислите вкратце ваши предложения

3) репетировать

I'd like to run you through that scene you have with Ophelia — я бы хотел повторить вашу сцену с Офелией

4) тратить

to run through money /fortune/ — промотать деньги /состояние/

17. to run over smth.

1) бегло просматривать, пробегать (что-л. глазами)

to run over a text [one's part, the names] — просматривать текст [свою роль, список имён]

2) повторять

to run over one's part — повторить свою роль

we shall run it over together — мы повторим это вместе

3) репетировать; прослушивать актёра, читающего роль

just run over my lines with me before the rehearsal begins — пожалуйста, послушайте мою роль, пока ещё не началась репетиция (всей пьесы)

18. to run to smth.

1) тяготеть к чему-л., иметь склонность к чему-л.

to run to fat — а) быть предрасположенным к полноте; б) разг. толстеть, жиреть; в) превращаться в жир

to run to sentiment — а) быть склонным к сентиментальности; б) быть сентиментальным

to run to extremes — впадать в крайность

to run to any length /to anything/ — пойти на что угодно

to run to forgery — пойти на подделку (подписи, документов)

it won't run to that — до этого не дойдёт

they run to big noses in that family — в этом семействе много носатых

2) достигать (суммы, цифры)

the increase may run to ten thousand pounds — увеличение может достигнуть суммы в десять тысяч фунтов

that will run to a pretty penny — это влетит /встанет/ в копеечку

the book runs to over 300 pages — в книге более трёхсот страниц

3) хватать, быть достаточным

the money won't run to a car — этих денег не хватит на машину

our fund won't run to a summer holiday — наших денег не хватит на летний отдых

I can't run to that — я не могу себе этого позволить

19. to run (up)on smth. неожиданно, внезапно встретиться с чем-л., натолкнуться, наскочить на что-л.

to run (up)on a rock — наскочить на скалу

to run (up)on rocks — а) потерпеть крушение; б) натолкнуться на непреодолимые препятствия

to run on a mine — мор. наскочить на мину

20. to run smth. (up)on smth. натолкнуть на что-л., заставить наехать на что-л.

to run a ship (up)on a reef — посадить корабль на рифы

21. to run smb. up /over, down/ to some place отвезти кого-л. куда-л.

to run smb. up to town — отвезти кого-л. в город (обыкн. в Лондон)

I could run you down to Dorking — я мог бы отвезти вас в Доркинг

22. to run with smb. преим. амер. общаться с кем-л.; водить компанию с кем-л.

he ran with a wild crowd when he was young — в молодости он водил дружбу с гуляками

a ram running with ewes — баран, пасущийся с овечками

23. to run counter to smth. противоречить, идти вразрез с чем-л.

the situation runs counter to ordinary logic — эта ситуация несовместима с простой логикой

III А

как глагол-связка в составном именном сказуемом

1. становиться, делаться

to run cold — похолодеть

his blood ran cold — у него кровь застыла в жилах

to run dry — а) высыхать; the river ran dry — река высохла /пересохла/; б) выдыхаться, иссякать

my imagination ran dry — моё воображение истощилось, моя фантазия иссякла

to run high — а) подниматься ( о приливе); б) волноваться ( о море); the sea runs high — море волнуется; в) разгораться ( о страстях); passions /feelings/ ran high — страсти разгорались /бушевали/; г) возрастать ( о ценах)

the tide is running strong — вода быстро прибывает, прилив быстро поднимается

to run low — а) понижаться, опускаться; б) истощаться, иссякать, быть на исходе; кончаться

supplies ran low — запасы были на исходе /кончались/

his funds [stores] are running low — его фонды [запасы] подходят к концу

to run short — истощаться, подходить к концу

drinking water was running short — питьевая вода подходила к концу

I have run short of money, my money has run short — у меня кончились деньги, мне не хватило денег

we are running short of time — у нас остаётся мало времени

to run hot — нагреваться

to run mad — сходить с ума

to run wild — а) бурно разрастаться; the garden is running wild — сад зарастает; б) расти без присмотра; не получить образования; в) разойтись, разыграться; his imagination ran wild — его воображение разыгралось; г) не знать удержу, пуститься во все тяжкие

2. быть, являться

the apples [pears] run large /big/ this year — в этом году яблоки [груши] крупные

trout run to a good size — форель бывает крупная

they run in all shapes — они бывают разной формы /всех видов, всякие, разные/

prices run from ten shillings to a pound — цены колеблются от десяти шиллингов до одного фунта

to run in the blood /in the family/ — быть наследственным

it runs in his blood — это у него в крови

courage [the collecting spirit, fondness for music] runs in the family — храбрость [страсть к коллекционированию, любовь к музыке] — это у них семейное

3. иметь

to run (a) temperature — иметь (высокую) температуру

I think I am running a temperature — мне кажется, что у меня (поднимается) температура

to run a fever — лихорадить

he always runs a fever if he gets his feet wet — его всегда лихорадит, если он промочит ноги

♢

an also ran — неудачник [см. тж. II А 6, 3)]

to run the streets — быть беспризорником

to run riot см. riot I ♢

her report runs on different lines — её доклад построен по-другому

to run the show — распоряжаться; быть во главе; ≅ командовать парадом

to run false — идти наперерез ( при охоте на зверя)

to run smth. close — быть почти равным (по качеству и т. п.)

to run smb. close — а) быть чьим-л. опасным соперником; б) быть почти равным кому-л.

to run to cover — уйти от /избежать/ опасности; принять меры предосторожности

to cut and run — убегать; удирать, спасаться бегством; бежать со всех ног; улепётывать

to run foul (of) — а) мор. столкнуться ( с другим судном); б) ист. брать на абордаж; в) поссориться; вступить в конфликт

they ran foul of the law — они оказались в неладах с законом

to run oneself [smb.] into the ground — измотать себя [кого-л.]; совершенно измочалить себя (работой, спортом и т. п.)

to run smb. ragged см. ragged ♢

to run to seed см. seed I ♢

to run a mile (from) — бегать от кого-л.; изо всех сил избегать кого-л.

he was a bore whom everyone ran a mile from — он был занудой, от которого все старались избавиться

to run it /things/ fine — иметь в обрез (времени, денег)

to run out of steam см. steam I 3

to run rings round см. ring1 I ♢

to run before the hounds — забегать вперед, опережать события

to run the wrong hare — просчитаться, ошибиться в расчётах; пойти по ложному следу

to run aground — мор. а) сесть или посадить на мель; to run a ship aground — посадить корабль на мель; б) выбрасываться на берег

to run ashore — мор. выбрасываться на берег; приткнуться к берегу

to run a line [a rope] ashore — передать /бросить/ конец [трос] на берег

to run with the hare and hunt with the hounds — посл. ≅ служить и нашим и вашим; вести двойную игру

he who runs may read — посл. всякий поймёт, всякому доступно /понятно/ (о чём-л. лёгком, доступном для понимания)

НБАРС > run

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Primary and Secondary Phases — The terms Primary Phase and Secondary Phase describe the first two radio series of The Hitchhiker s Guide to the Galaxy . [The spelling of Hitchhiker s Guide has varied in different editions. For consistency this article always spells it this way … Wikipedia
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket — … Wikipedia
The Little Mermaid (1989 film) — The Little Mermaid (Disney) redirects here. For the franchise, see The Little Mermaid (franchise). The Little Mermaid … Wikipedia
The Crystal Maze — Series 1–2 logo (top) Series 3–6 logo (bottom) Genre Adventure game show … Wikipedia
The Animatrix — DVD Cover Directed by Wachowski brothers Koji Morimoto Shinichiro Watanabe Mahiro Maeda Peter Chung Andy Jones Yoshiaki Kawaji … Wikipedia
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen timeline — The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen is an ongoing graphic novel series written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Kevin O Neill. The primary commentator on the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen series (hereto after in this article referred to as… … Wikipedia
The Tomorrow People — is a children s science fiction television series, devised by Roger Price which first ran between 1973 and 1979. The show was re imagined between 1992 and 1995, this time with Roger Price as executive producer. A third incarnation that ran… … Wikipedia
The Voyage of the Mimi — Genre Educational Created by Bank Street College of Education Country of origin USA Language(s) English No. of episode … Wikipedia
The Haunt of Fear — Publication information Publisher EC Comics Schedule … Wikipedia
The Last Puritan — The Last Puritan: A Memoir in the Form of a Novel was written by the American philosopher George Santayana. The novel is set largely in the fictional town of Great Falls, Connecticut; Boston; and England, in and around Oxford. It relates the life … Wikipedia
The Edge Chronicles — Author(s) Paul Stewart Ill … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

the after part of the ship

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

the after part of the ship

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: